Transformation of the Traditional Role of Rural Women
Padma Podi Manike
The cultural norm that traditionally confined rural women to household duties has evolved over time. Global technological advancements, economic shifts, and changes in social structures have redefined the role of rural women.
1. Economic Development and New Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Emerging business opportunities, particularly in the tourism industry, have strengthened the economic foundation of rural women. Through tourism-related initiatives in rural areas, women have gained extensive opportunities in traditional food preparation, skill-based garment production, and the sale of handmade goods (Silva, 2019).
The introduction of profitable loan schemes and financial assistance from both state and private institutions has reshaped the conventional responsibilities assigned to rural women, elevating them to more complex roles.
2. Education and Technological Access
The rise in education levels has transformed the traditional roles of women. Over the past few decades, the percentage of rural women obtaining higher education has steadily increased (Department of Census and Statistics, 2021).
Technology has also enabled women to utilize knowledge at various levels, opening new career opportunities beyond household work. For example, digital marketplaces have allowed women to sell their products from home.
3. Changes in Social Structures and Gender Equality
The male-dominated social structure that once prevailed in rural society has undergone significant change. Programs aimed at empowering women have contributed to reducing these traditional restrictions (Wijesekara, 2020).
As traditional roles are being abandoned, women are actively taking on new roles, with rural society increasingly recognizing and affirming financial and professional opportunities for them.
4. International and Governmental Financial Programs
Both international organizations and government-led financial and development programs have influenced rural women’s professional ventures. Community development initiatives implemented by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB) have provided rural women with opportunities to assume significant roles in economic and social communication centers.
5. Challenges and Obstacles
Despite significant transformations in the roles of women, various challenges have emerged.
- Balancing Household and Professional Responsibilities
The struggle between household and professional responsibilities has affected women’s health and mental well-being (Fernando, 2022). - Social Resistance to Change
The push for change in traditional societal attitudes and the resulting new social dynamics have sparked conflicts and disagreements, particularly from the male demographic.
Conclusion
The transformation of rural women’s traditional roles has been significantly influenced by social, economic, and technological factors. These changes play a crucial role in enhancing women’s economic independence, creating new business opportunities, and fostering gender equality within social structures. However, addressing the challenges arising from this transformation requires the adoption of new strategic approaches.
References
- Department of Census and Statistics. (2021). Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey Annual Report 2021.
- Fernando, M. (2022). “Rural Women’s Challenges in Balancing Household and Professional Work,” Journal of Rural Studies.
- Silva, T. (2019). “Impact of Tourism on Rural Women’s Livelihood,” Sri Lanka Economic Journal.
- Wijesekara, N. (2020). “Gender Roles and Changing Dynamics in Rural Sri Lanka,” Sociological Perspectives on Development.
